{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:40:49Z","timestamp":1785375649068,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex\u2010vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (ex\u2010vivo CLSM) offers rapid examination of freshly excised tissue. During the conventional examination immunohistochemistry enables to distinguish various cell types. The possibility of immunofluorescent techniques could enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis performed by ex\u2010vivo CLSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tissue probes from various skin tumors were stained with FITC\u2010labeled S\u2010100A10, Melan\u2010A and anti\u2010Ber\u2010EP4 antibodies before examination with ex\u2010vivo CLSM in the fluorescence and reflectance modes. Results were compared to negative controls and conventional histopathology. The staining protocols were evaluated by establishing a scoring system according to the signal intensity found in ex\u2010vivo CLSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>S100 immunostaining was successful in 55.6%. Dilution of 1:200 resulted in the best possible evaluation of the tumor. The best suitable protocol was protocol B (phosphate buffered saline [PBS], without blocking agent). Melan A immunostaining was positive in 66.7%, the best dilution was 1:500 and protocol B (PBS, without blocking agent) was the most suitable. Ber\u2010EP4 immunostaining presented a signal in 85.7%, the best dilutions were 1:200 and 1:500 and protocol A (PBS, with blocking agent) showed most optimal results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of fluorescent\u2010labeled antibodies in ex\u2010vivo CLSM is possible and could improve intraoperative diagnostics of skin tumors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201700211-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1506435166000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy for ex\u2010vivo diagnosis of melanocytic and non\u2010melanocytic skin tumors: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital, LMU  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital, LMU  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Secil","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital, LMU  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Raphael","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital, LMU  Munich 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