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The bacteria causes\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospirosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a deadly disease but with common early flu\u2010like symptoms. Optical single mode fiber (SMF) of 125 \u03bcm diameter is tapered to produce 12 \u03bcm waist diameter and 15 cm length. The novel DNA\u2010based optical fiber sensor is functionalized by incubating the tapered region with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (3\u2010Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. Probe DNA is immobilized onto the tapered region and subsequently hybridized by its complementary DNA (cDNA). The transmission spectra of the DNA\u2010based optical fiber sensor are measured in the 1500 to 1600 nm wavelength range. It is discovered that the shift of the wavelength in the SMF sensor is linearly proportional with the increase in the cDNA concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 nM. The sensitivity of the sensor toward DNA is measured to be 1.2862 nm\/nM and able to detect as low as 0.1 fM. The sensor indicates high specificity when only minimal shift is detected for non\u2010cDNA testing. The developed sensor is able to distinguish between actual DNA of\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars (Canicola and Copenhageni) against\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    (control sample) at very low (femtomolar) target concentrations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201700363-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T16:14:41Z","timestamp":1521821681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Sensitive\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    DNA detection using tapered optical fiber sensor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nurul H.","family":"Zainuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre (WiPNET) Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Y.","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Z.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd A.","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre (WiPNET) Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2113-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad H.","family":"Abu Bakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre (WiPNET) Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd H.","family":"Yaacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Wireless and Photonic Networks Research Centre (WiPNET) Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"123","volume":"35","author":"Thayaparan S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malays. 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