{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:42:09Z","timestamp":1791250929209,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Keratoconus is the primary cause of corneal transplantation in young adults worldwide. Riboflavin\/UV\u2010A corneal cross\u2010linking may effectively halt the progression of keratoconus if an adequate amount of riboflavin enriches the corneal stroma and is photo\u2010oxidated by UV\u2010A light for generating additional cross\u2010linking bonds between stromal proteins and strengthening the biomechanics of the weakened cornea. Here we reported an UV\u2010A theranostic prototype device for performing corneal cross\u2010linking with the ability to assess corneal intrastromal concentration of riboflavin and to estimate treatment efficacy in real time. Seventeen human donor corneas were treated according to the conventional riboflavin\/UV\u2010A corneal cross\u2010linking protocol. Ten of these tissues were probed with atomic force microscopy in order to correlate the intrastromal riboflavin concentration recorded during treatment with the increase in elastic modulus of the anterior corneal stroma. The intrastromal riboflavin concentration and its consumption during UV\u2010A irradiation of the cornea were highly significantly correlated (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.79; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) with the treatment\u2010induced stromal stiffening effect. The present study showed an ophthalmic device that provided an innovative, non\u2010invasive, real\u2010time monitoring solution for estimating corneal cross\u2010linking treatment efficacy on a personalized basis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201800028-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1518788201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Non\u2010invasive optical method for real\u2010time assessment of intracorneal riboflavin concentration and efficacy of corneal cross\u2010linking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei materiali, CNR\u2010IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Vision Engineering Italy srl  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Villari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei materiali, CNR\u2010IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto L.","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei materiali, CNR\u2010IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei materiali, CNR\u2010IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Ponte P. Bucci Universit\u00e0 della Calabria  Calabria Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"De Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Ponte P. Bucci Universit\u00e0 della Calabria  Calabria Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Engineering Italy srl  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/795738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Wheeler J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Syst. Sex. 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