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However, it is not always achieved. Surgeons often utilize manual palpation to assess the surgical margin and\/or the breast cavity. Manual palpation, however, is subjective and has relatively low resolution. Here, we investigate a tactile imaging technique, optical palpation, for the visualization of tumor. Optical palpation generates maps of the stress at the surface of tissue under static preload compression. Stress is evaluated by measuring the deformation of a contacting thin compliant layer with known mechanical properties using optical coherence tomography. In this study, optical palpation is performed on 34 freshly excised human breast specimens. Wide field\u2010of\u2010view (up to ~46\u2009\u00d7\u200946\u2009mm) stress images, optical palpograms, are presented from four representative specimens, demonstrating the capability of optical palpation to visualize tumor. Median stress reported for adipose tissue, 4 kPa, and benign dense tissue, 8 kPa, is significantly lower than for invasive tumor, 60\u2009kPa. In addition, we demonstrate that optical palpation provides contrast consistent with a related optical technique, quantitative micro\u2010elastography. This study demonstrates that optical palpation holds promise for visualization of tumor in breast\u2010conserving surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201800180-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T07:03:22Z","timestamp":1532761402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Optical palpation for the visualization of tumor in human breast tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wes M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic &amp; Computer Engineering, School of Engineering The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Wijesinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic &amp; Computer Engineering, School of Engineering The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Dessauvagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christobel M.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Medical School The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Breast Centre, Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan F.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic &amp; Computer Engineering, School of Engineering The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9766-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume":"345","author":"Jeevan R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Brit. 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