{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:31:22Z","timestamp":1775251882721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As data acquisition for retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) becomes faster, efficient collection of photons becomes more important to maintain image quality. One approach is to use a larger aperture at the eye's pupil to collect more photons that have been reflected from the retina. A 2.8\u2010mm beam diameter system with only seven reflecting surfaces was developed for low\u2010loss retinal imaging. The larger beam size requires defocus and astigmatism correction, which was done in a closed loop adaptive optics method using a Shack\u2010Hartmann wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror (DM) with 140 actuators and a \u00b12.75\u2009\u03bcm stroke. This DM facilitates defocus correction ranging from approximately \u22123 D to +3 D. Comparing the new system with a standard 1.2\u2010mm system on a model eye, a signal\u2010to\u2010noise gain of 4.5 dB and a 2.3 times smaller speckle size were measured. Measurements on the retinas of five subjects showed even better results, with increases in dynamic range up to 13\u2009dB. Note that the new sample arm only occupies 30\u2009cm\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2009cm, which makes it highly suitable for imaging in a clinical environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Figure:<\/jats:bold>\n                    B\u2010scan images obtained over a width of 8 deg from the right eye of a 31\u2010year\u2010old Caucasian male. While the left side was imaged with a standard 1.2\u2010mm OCT system, the right side was imaged with the 2.8\u2010mm system. Both images were collected with the same integration time and incident power, after correction of aberrations. Using the dynamic range within the images, which is determined by comparing the highest pixel value to the noise floor, a difference in dynamic range of 10.8 dB was measured between the two systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201800192-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T22:15:45Z","timestamp":1539728145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography and low\u2010loss adaptive optics using a 2.8\u2010mm beam size"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Reddikumar","family":"Maddipatla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Optical Research and Education Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan"},{"name":"School of Optometry Indiana University Bloomington Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Optical Research and Education Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan"},{"name":"Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas (CUCEI) Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jal Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukitoshi","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Optical Research and Education Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering Utsunomiya University Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Cense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.000480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.001890"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.004186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ANSI American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Laser Institute Of America Orlando FL.2014 Z136.1\u20132014.","DOI":"10.1364\/FIO.2014.FW1F.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.2.026005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.2184\/lsj.41.12_1006","volume":"41","author":"Cense B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Rev. 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