{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:46:18Z","timestamp":1786977978428,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICT\u20102016\u20101 732111 PICCOLO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICT\u20102016\u20101 732111 PICCOLO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["654148 Laserlab\u2010Europe"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654148 Laserlab\u2010Europe"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR\u20102011\u201002349626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR\u20102011\u201002349626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Regione Toscana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GLIOMICS (PAR FAS 2007\u20102013)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLIOMICS (PAR FAS 2007\u20102013)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common bladder tumour. Proper treatment requires tumour resection for diagnosing its grade (aggressiveness) and stage (invasiveness). White\u2010light cystoscopy and histopathological examination are the gold standard procedures for clinical and histopathological diagnostics, respectively. However, cystoscopy is limited in terms of specificity, histology requires long tissue processing, both procedures rely on operator's experience. Multimodal optical spectroscopy can provide a powerful tool for detecting, staging and grading bladder tumours in a fast, reliable and label\u2010free modality. In this study, we collected fluorescence, Raman and reflectance spectra from 50 biopsies obtained from 32 patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour using a multimodal fibre\u2010probe. Principal component analysis allowed distinguishing normal from pathological tissues, as well as discriminating tumour stages and grades. Each individual spectroscopic technique provided high specificity and sensitivity in classifying all tissues; however, a multimodal approach resulted in a considerable increase in diagnostic accuracy (\u226595%), which is of paramount importance for tumour grading and staging. The presented method offers the potential for being applied in cystoscopy and for providing an automated diagnosis of UC at the clinical level, with an improvement with respect to current state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201900087-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201900087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T10:53:55Z","timestamp":1564052035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Label\u2010free grading and staging of urothelial carcinoma through multimodal fibre\u2010probe spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9679-7736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Baria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Morselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Fantechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Nesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Gacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Carini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Serni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Cicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Non\u2010Linear Spectroscopy University of Florence  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco S.","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Non\u2010Linear Spectroscopy University of Florence  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics University of Florence  Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"7","volume":"10","author":"Dietrich B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Urol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.2.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000083277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"150","volume":"69","author":"Kolodziei A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cent. European J. Urol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118275436.ch25","volume-title":"Handling and Reporting of Bladder Specimens in Bladder Pathology","author":"Cheng L.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2014.2461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2001)0730178IVFSON2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-012-0298-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.000977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/738186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"2722","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE","author":"Mahadevan\u2010Jansen A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"8619342","volume":"2018","author":"Cui S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN00957G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061417b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6424-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac100448p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8122371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"118","author":"Sharma V.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3487-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3505012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1528207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4890199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2001)0730396IVBTDU2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"207","volume":"61","author":"Pery E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201200230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/000370207782597003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41907J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.20086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S71811"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502010000400010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"45","volume":"7","author":"Choutai N. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.003238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150613680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)72329-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.280264"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbio.201900087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.201900087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbio.201900087","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.201900087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T05:11:18Z","timestamp":1694236278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.201900087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.201900087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.201900087","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e201900087"}}