{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:02:37Z","timestamp":1769914957508,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OCT topography of the Bowman's layer and artificial intelligence (AI) can result in better diagnosis of forme fruste (FFKC) and clinical keratoconus (KC). Normal (n = 221), FFKC (n = 72) and KC (n = 116) corneas were included. Some of the FFKC and KC patients had the fellow eye (VAE\u2010NT) with normal topography (n = 30). The Scheimpflug and OCT scans of the cornea were analyzed. The curvature and surface aberrations (ray tracing) of the anterior corneal surface [air\u2010epithelium (A\u2010E) interface in OCT] and epithelium\u2010Bowman's layer (E\u2010B) interface (in OCT only) were calculated. Four random forest models were constructed: (1) Scheimpflug only; (2) OCT A\u2010E only; (3) OCT E\u2010B only; (4) OCT A\u2010E and E\u2010B combined. For normal eyes, both Scheimpflug and OCT (A\u2010E and E\u2010B combined) performed equally in identifying these eyes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .23). However, OCT A\u2010E and E\u2010B showed that most VAE\u2010NT eyes were topographically similar to normal eyes and did not warrant a separate classification based on topography alone. For identifying FFKC eyes, OCT A\u2010E and E\u2010B combined performed significantly better than Scheimpflug (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .006). For KC eyes, both Scheimpflug and OCT performed equally (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 1.0). Thus, OCT Topography of Bowman's layer significantly improved the detection of FFKC eyes.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201900126-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201900126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T14:03:05Z","timestamp":1559397785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Bowman's topography for improved detection of early ectasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rachana","family":"Chandapura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging, Biomechanics and Mathematical Modeling Solutions Narayana Nethralaya Foundation  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella Q.","family":"Salom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Study Group  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambr\u00f3sio  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Renato","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Study Group  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Olhos Renato Ambr\u00f3sio  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Swarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery Swarup Eye Center  Hyderabad 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