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The effect of irradiation can be divided into two stages, that is, the physicochemical stage and the biological response. Both effects induce different biochemical changes in the cells and should be analyzed as two separate phenomena. Thus, in the current study, Raman spectroscopy of prostate cancer cells fixed before (the physicochemical damage model) and just after (the biological response model) irradiation was undertaken to compare biochemical composition of irradiated cancer cells at both stages. Spectroscopic analysis of the cells was performed separately for cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. Biochemical changes of irradiated cells were analyzed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) method on the basis of the collected Raman spectra. Regression coefficients were therefore used to describe differences and similarities between biochemical composition of cancer cells undergoing the physicochemical stage and biological response. Additionally, PLSR models of both phenomena were compared for linear dose\u2010dependence and a cross prediction.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202000252-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202000252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T15:26:22Z","timestamp":1598455582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Physicochemical damage and early\u2010stage biological response to X\u2010ray radiation studied in prostate cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0921-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2053-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz P.","family":"Wrobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences  Krakow Poland"},{"name":"Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre Jagiellonian University  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Panek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Czeslawa","family":"Paluszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech M.","family":"Kwiatek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860500341157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950131204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2007.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70113-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physchem-040513-103605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500003954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2008.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Radical Reaction Pathways Initiated by Direct Energy Deposition in DNA by Ionizing Radiation in Radical and Radical Reactivity in Nucleic Acid Chemistry","author":"Bernhard W. 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