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What is needed is an insitu sensor, integrated in the biopsy tool, to objectively distinguish among tissue types in real time, not to replace biopsy with an optical diagnostic, but to verify that the sampling tool is properly located within the target lesion. We investigated the feasibility of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS), coupled with machine learning, to distinguish lung lesions from the various nearby tissue types, in a study with freshly\u2010excised lung tissues from surgical resections. Optical spectra were recorded with an ESS fiberoptic probe in different areas of the resected pulmonary tissues, including benign\u2010margin tissue sites as well as the periphery and core of the lesion. An artificial\u2010intelligence model was used to analyze, retrospectively, 2032 measurements from excised tissues of 35 patients. With high accuracy, ESS was able to distinguish alveolar tissue from bronchi, alveolar tissue from lesions, and bronchi from lesions. This ex vivo study indicates promise for ESS fiberoptic probes to be integrated with surgical intervention tools, to improve reliability of pulmonary lesion targeting.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202100132-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T08:39:25Z","timestamp":1625906365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toward optical spectroscopy\u2010guided lung biopsy: Demonstration of tissue\u2010type classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eladio","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Kaanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Mission Hospital  Mission Viejo California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Vanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Mission Hospital  Mission Viejo California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tauseef","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Mission Hospital  Mission Viejo California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irving J","family":"Bigio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume":"70","author":"Siegel R. 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