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Babies born IUGR can have poor long\u2010term health outcomes, including being at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Limited substrate supply in the IUGR fetus not only changes the structure of the heart but may also affect metabolism and function of the developing heart. We have utilised two imaging modalities, two\u2010photon microscopy and phase\u2010contrast MRI (PC\u2010MRI), to assess alterations in cardiac metabolism and function using a sheep model of IUGR. Two\u2010photon imaging revealed that the left ventricle of IUGR fetuses (at 140\u2013141 d GA) had a reduced optical redox ratio, suggesting a reliance on glycolysis for ATP production. Concurrently, the use of PC\u2010MRI to measure foetal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) revealed a positive correlation between LVCO and redox ratio in IUGR, but not control fetuses. These data suggest that altered heart metabolism in IUGR fetuses is indicative of reduced cardiac output, which may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in adulthood.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202100157-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T12:54:00Z","timestamp":1631192040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Redox ratio in the left ventricle of the growth restricted fetus is positively correlated with cardiac output"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9907-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine G.","family":"Dimasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Lazniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally E.","family":"Plush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahmdeep S.","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Holman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven K. 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