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Liquid ethanol diet with\/without vitamin A was maintained to adult rats for 3\u2010months. The rats were decapitated at different ethanol withdrawal times and FT\u2010IR spectra were obtained. Ethanol consumption\/withdrawal produced significant changes in proteins' conformations, while having insignificant structural effects on lipids. In vitamin A deficiency, ethanol produced structural changes in lipids by lipid ordering especially in the early\u2010ethanol withdrawal. Furthermore, an increase in lipid and protein content, saturated\/unsaturated lipid ratio, a decrease in nucleic acids content and decrease in membrane fluidity were observed. These changes were less severe in the presence of Vitamin A. This study is clinically important for individuals with vitamin A deficiency because they have to be more cautious when consuming alcohol to protect themselves from cognitive dysfunctions.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202100377-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T13:53:08Z","timestamp":1648216388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The structural effects of Vitamin A deficiency on biological macromolecules due to ethanol consumption and withdrawal: An <scp>FTIR<\/scp> study with chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birsen","family":"Elibol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology Bezmialem Vakif University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mete","family":"Severcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Jakubowska\u2010Dogru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilknur","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Istinye University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feride","family":"Severcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University  Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics Altinbas University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(96)00073-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01556.x"},{"issue":"105","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"510","volume":"2008","author":"Jung M. 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