{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1790265219767,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012004","name":"Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result of the risks that waterborne bacteria bring to the human body, identifying them in drinking water has become a global concern. In this article, a highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor consisting of prism, Ag, graphene, affinity layer and sensing medium is proposed for rapid detection of the waterborne bacteria. Four SPR\u2010based sensors are first studied with the structures prism\/Ag\/sensing medium, prism\/Ag\/affinity layer\/sensing medium, prism\/Ag\/graphene\/sensing medium, and prism\/Ag\/graphene\/affinity layer\/sensing medium. The latter structure is found to have the highest sensitivity so it is considered for further investigations. Four different commonly used prisms are then demonstrated which are N\u2010FK51A, 2S2G, SF10 and BK7. The structure with the prism N\u2010FK51A is found to correspond to the highest sensitivity so it is considered for further investigations. The structure parameters are then optimized. The proposed SPR sensor can achieve high sensitivity of about 221.63\u2009\u00b0\/RIU for <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and 178.12\u2009\u00b0\/RIU for <jats:italic>Vibrio cholera<\/jats:italic> bacteria with an average value of 199.87\u2009\u00b0\/RIU. We believe that the proposed structure will open a new window in the field of microorganism detections.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202200001-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202200001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T07:14:31Z","timestamp":1643699671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on graphene layer for the detection of waterborne bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Malek G.","family":"Daher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Islamic University of Gaza  Gaza Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofyan A.","family":"Taya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Islamic University of Gaza  Gaza Palestine"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilhami","family":"Colak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nisantasi University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhit K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering Marwadi University  Rajkot India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melad M.","family":"Olaimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Ramahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-018-1533-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.35.002816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.386162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12648-015-0716-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12043-021-02093-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-015-2534-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-02981-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.417015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.23.000801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-021-01386-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.36.001108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-020-02288-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","author":"Pandey A. 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