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Energy\u2010based therapy has been explored as a minimally invasive treatment for GSM; however, its mechanism of action and efficacy is controversial. Here, we report on a pilot imaging study conducted on a small group of menopause patients undergoing laser treatment. Intravaginal optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscope was used to quantitatively monitor the changes in the vaginal epithelial thickness (VET) during fractional\u2010pixel CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser treatment. Eleven patients with natural menopause and one surgically induced menopause patient were recruited in this clinical study. Following the laser treatment, 6 out of 11 natural menopause patient showed increase in both proximal and distal VET, while two natural menopause patient showed increase in VET in only one side of vaginal tract. Furthermore, the patient group that showed increased VET had thinner baseline VET compared to the patients that showed decrease in VET after laser treatment. These results demonstrate the potential utility of intravaginal OCT endoscope in evaluating the vaginal tissue integrity and tailoring vaginal laser treatment on a per\u2010person basis, with the potential to monitor other treatment procedures.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202200052-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202200052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T06:35:10Z","timestamp":1658385310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optical coherence tomography evaluation of vaginal epithelial thickness during <scp>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> laser treatment: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusi","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; Medical Clinic University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha T.","family":"Sudol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3468-9235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; Medical Clinic University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7100-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; Medical Clinic University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saijun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; Medical Clinic University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; Medical Clinic University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yona","family":"Tadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Laser Institute &amp; 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