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So far, the mechanism of TN and its relation to neuronal activity remain unclear, largely limited by the spatial resolution of visualization methods. In the meanwhile, current therapeutic strategies targeting neurons have not achieved satisfactory outcome. Here, we investigate the neuropathic pain triad in TN by establishing an animal model of TN by chronic constriction injury of the unilateral infraorbital nerve (ION\u2010CCI) and leveraging the single\u2010cell resolution of confocal microscopy, including neuronal hyperexcitability, glial activation, and macrophage polarization. These results can broaden the understanding of TN pathogenesis from neurons to the neuropathic pain triad, and suggest that optical microscopy can provide new opportunities for understanding the complex pathogenesis of TN at single\u2010cell resolution, potentially contributing to the identification of more precise therapeutic targets and the development of more effective treatment modalities.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202200301-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202200301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T08:24:05Z","timestamp":1668241445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fluorescence visualization of the neuropathic pain triad in trigeminal 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Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key 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