{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:55:37Z","timestamp":1753869337677,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, the application of functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and deep learning techniques has emerged as a promising method for personal identification. In this study, we innovatively utilized a deep learning framework and fNIRS data for personal identification. The framework is a one\u2010dimensional convolutional neural network (Conv1D) trained on resting\u2010state fNIRS signals collected from the frontal cortex of adults. In data preprocessing, we employed a sliding window\u2010based data augmentation technique and high\u2010pass filter, which could result in the highest identification accuracy through multiple experiments. Based on a data set consisting of 56 adult participants, the identification accuracy of 90.36% is achieved for training data with a window size of approximately 4.62\u2009s; with the increase in training data window size, the identification accuracy can reach (97.65\u2009\u00b1\u20092.35)%. Our results suggest that deep learning is valuable for fNIRS\u2010based personal identification, with potential applications in security, biometrics, and healthcare.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202300453-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202300453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T07:24:06Z","timestamp":1706513046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of individuals using functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy based on a one\u2010dimensional convolutional neural network"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yichen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","DOI":"10.1007\/b117227"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"21","volume":"11","author":"Barnouti N. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Inf. Technol."},{"unstructured":"N.Chandolikar C.Joshi P.Roy C.Joshi P.Roy A.Gawas M.Vishwakarma presented at 2022 Int. Mob. Emb. Technol. Conf. (MECON). IEEE 2022 45.","key":"e_1_2_4_4_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","DOI":"10.3390\/app12052692"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2020.3005148"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.045"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0516"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.040"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.041"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00091-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6558"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.033"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","DOI":"10.1142\/S179354581930012X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.03.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.030"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050606"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.622224"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00133"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2022.102198"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.813293"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4135"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.002889"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/435\/1\/012026"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80430-x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2022.1170.1178"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202300453","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T02:30:57Z","timestamp":1711333857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.202300453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.202300453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202300453","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1864-063X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1864-0648"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202300453"}}