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A biofilm related to OM typically contains one or multiple bacterial species. OCT has been used clinically to visualize the presence of bacterial biofilms in the middle ear. This study used OCT to compare microstructural image texture features from bacterial biofilms. The proposed method applied supervised machine\u2010learning\u2010based frameworks (SVM, random forest, and XGBoost) to classify multiple species bacterial biofilms from in vitro cultures and clinically\u2010obtained in vivo images from human subjects. Our findings show that optimized SVM\u2010RBF and XGBoost classifiers achieved more than 95% of AUC, detecting each biofilm class. These results demonstrate the potential for differentiating OM\u2010causing bacterial biofilms through texture analysis of OCT images and a machine\u2010learning framework, offering valuable insights for real\u2010time in vivo characterization of ear infections.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio202400075-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202400075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T01:00:35Z","timestamp":1722906035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Texture\u2010based speciation of otitis media\u2010related bacterial biofilms from optical coherence tomography images using supervised classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0694-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzana R.","family":"Zaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo L.","family":"Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jindou","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavya","family":"Sudhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9386-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Boppart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"NIH\/NIBIB P41 Center for Label\u2010free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB) University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09244-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1650","volume":"76","author":"Ramakrishnan K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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