{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:54:57Z","timestamp":1753869297499,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A solid\u2010state laser is preferred for generating light in a photoacoustic (PA) system because of its high energy and coherence. However, conventional Nd:YAG lasers are bulky, complex, and expensive. This article introduces a portable alternative: a custom\u2010built Nd:YAG laser with an in\u2010house power supply that delivers 0\u201330 A current pulses with a 1500\u2009\u03bcs pulse width, providing efficient thermal management. A pockels cell driver generates 10\u2009ns pulses with 3.84\u2009mJ\/c<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> laser energy density. Implemented for noninvasive breast cancer diagnosis, The peak frequency obtained from three different samples was 0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1, 0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13, and 1.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009MHz, respectively, for Normal, Fibrotic, and Tumor tissues. In addition to the dominant frequency peaks the spectral energy of the PASR spectra has also been investigated to characterize the breast tissue samples. The developed laser successfully differentiates between carcinoma, fibrocystic disease, and normal breast tissue based on quantitative PA spectral parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202400430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T08:21:16Z","timestamp":1738398076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Portable Nd:<scp>YAG<\/scp> Laser\u2010Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectral Sensing for Breast Tissues: Toward Oncological Theranostics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhel","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore  Simrol India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sramana","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine All India Institute of Medical Science  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPSD, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)  Indore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. K.","family":"Patidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEL&amp;OS, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)  Indore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saikat","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy All India Institute of Medical Science  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srivathsan","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore  Simrol India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.3.387"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2009.04.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","article-title":"Pathology Reporting of Breast Disease in Surgical Excision Specimens Incorporating the Dataset for Histological Reporting of Breast Cancer, June 2016","author":"Ellis I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Royal College of Pathologists"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.04.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Spectrum of Lesions in Peritumoral Area in Association With Carcinoma of Breast","volume":"5","author":"Jayker S. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_104_18"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2004.04.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.000170"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER14032303"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2010.529127"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071813-104553"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.001237"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.14062"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.003053"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.031026"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.001260"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35553-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051394"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080499253"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.62.3.036102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"5 Ansi Safe Use of Lasers and Laser Safety","volume":"75","author":"Barat K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laser Safety: Tools and Training"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab101c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3284949","article-title":"Development of a Compact, Cost\u2010Effective Photoacoustic Spectral Response Measurement System for Biomedical Applications","volume":"72","author":"Khan S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.29.1.017002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.020617"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","DOI":"10.1364\/OSAC.432084"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201102147"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202400430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T14:19:47Z","timestamp":1750083587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.202400430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.202400430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202400430","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1864-063X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1864-0648"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202400430"}}