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We demonstrate that catheter\u2010based near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can identify these obstacles to guide ablation. Eighteen human ventricles were mapped ex\u00a0vivo using NIRS catheters with optical source\u2010detector separations (SDSs) of 0.6 and 0.9\u2009mm. A logistic regression model trained from manually labeled spectra achieved mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.907 (0.6\u2009mm SDS) and 0.911 (0.9\u2009mm SDS) in binary adipose detection. Novel optical indices for adipose detection were also proposed, achieving AUROCs of 0.881 (0.6\u2009mm SDS) and 0.873 (0.9\u2009mm SDS), while a blood\u2010specific optical index achieved AUROC of 0.859 for vessel detection (0.9\u2009mm SDS). These results suggest that catheter\u2010based NIRS can detect adipose tissue and coronary vessels to improve efficacy and safety of epicardial ablation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202400464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T10:27:10Z","timestamp":1737196030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Near\u2010Infrared Spectroscopic Mapping of the Human Epicardium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5281-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonah A.","family":"Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqiu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Laurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division MetroHealth Hospital  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Saluja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7318-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine P.","family":"Hendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Ventricular Tachycardia Catheter Ablation","volume":"12","author":"Stanciulescu L. 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