{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T04:26:41Z","timestamp":1770092801500,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the urgent need for early, reliable biomarkers. Structural disorder at the subcellular level, particularly in nuclear components such as DNA\/chromatin, offers a promising diagnostic target. In this study, we applied two mesoscopic physics\u2010based optical techniques\u2014partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) and inverse participation ratio (IPR)\u2014to quantify nanoscale structural alterations in postmortem human brain tissues and nuclei. Both PWS and IPR revealed a significant increase in structural disorder and mass density fluctuations in DNA\/chromatin of PD samples. These abnormalities are potentially linked to the pathological aggregation of alpha\u2010synuclein in the substantia nigra, a hallmark of PD\u2010related neurodegeneration. Complementary histological analyses supported the optical findings, validating the presence of disrupted microarchitecture. Our results establish PWS and IPR as sensitive optical\/photonics tools for detecting early nanoscale changes in PD, offering a novel path toward improved diagnosis and understanding of disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T01:22:12Z","timestamp":1756171332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical Detection of the Spatial Structural Alteration in the Human Brain Tissues\/Cells and\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    \/Chromatin due to Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0330-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemah","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhruvil","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9791-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishmael","family":"Apachigawo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Moshahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4363-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52586\/4952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2004.6.3\/kanderson"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00295-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0103-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.9644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"P.Pradhan Y.Liu Y.Kim et\u00a0al. \u201cMesoscopic Light Transport Properties of a Single Biological Cell: Early Detection of Cancer \u201d2006 Q1\u2013Q326."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"P.Pradhan H.Subramanian Y.Liu Y.Kim H.Roy andV.Backman \u201cApplication of Mesoscopic Light Transport Theory to Ultra\u2010Early Detection of Cancer in a Single Biological Cell \u201d2007 B41.013."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804723105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.006422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Adhikari P. K.Shukla F.Alharthi B.Regmi R.Rao andP.Pradhan \u201cOptical Probing of Nanostructural Alterations of Brain Tissues by Partial Wave Spectroscopy in Chronic Alcoholism \u201dConference on Lasers and Electro\u2010Optics (OSA Washington DC 2020) p. AM3I.4.","DOI":"10.1364\/CLEO_AT.2020.AM3I.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Adhikari F.Alharthi andP.Pradhan \u201cPartial Wave Spectroscopy Detection of Cancer Stages Using Tissue Microarrays (TMA) Samples \u201dFrontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS\/DLS (2019) Paper JW4A.89 (Optica Publishing Group 2019) p. JW4A.89.","DOI":"10.1364\/FIO.2019.JW4A.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.015428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"P.Adhikari P. 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