{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:17:13Z","timestamp":1773267433489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated by examining \u03b2\u2010amyloid accumulation, microglial activation, and memory function. Mitochondrial delayed luminescence (m\u2010DL), an indirect mitochondrial marker, was measured by irradiating 2\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of 808\u2009nm near\u2010infrared light to the exposed brain surface of anesthetized 5XFAD mice. Based on m\u2010DL findings, behavioral PBM was applied transcranially to the intact scalp using the same fluence at 30, 40, and 80\u2009Hz with respective duty cycles and durations. The 80\u2009Hz setting produced the longest m\u2010DL decay time and selectively improved recognition memory. Immunofluorescence revealed a significant 0.27\u2010fold decrease in \u03b2\u2010amyloid and 0.13\u2010fold decrease in microglial activation without changes in neuronal density. Limitations include the small sample size, short duration, and the need to validate m\u2010DL with established bioenergetic assays. Despite these, findings suggest that optimized PBM may offer a promising noninvasive intervention for AD, warranting further long\u2010term investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:20:53Z","timestamp":1750724453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Mitochondrial Delayed Luminescence Measurements From Brain Tissue to Optimize Photobiomodulation Prarameters in Alzheimer's Disease Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1661-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioEngineering Institute of Chang Healthcare Chang Healthcare, Co. Ltd  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Kyu","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioEngineering Institute of Chang Healthcare Chang Healthcare, Co. Ltd  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University College of Medicine and Boramae Medical Center  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01737-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52396-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07152-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01911-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61740-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13050385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0918-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15357-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1248-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01069-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95550-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2023.112816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00617-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42693-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03545-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2018.4555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2019.4676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01270-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.2987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15754-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19395-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96841-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2023.112752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201670113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-4-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02312-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20240013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202500151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T23:23:09Z","timestamp":1759965789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.202500151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.202500151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202500151","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500151"}}