{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:42:49Z","timestamp":1771029769372,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of developmental abnormalities, yet its effects on fetal cardiac development remain understudied. We employed real\u2010time, label\u2010free multispectral photoacoustic tomography (PAT) to noninvasively assess cardiac development in mouse fetuses exposed to chronic alcohol. Using a custom\u2010built PAT system, fetal hearts were imaged from E12 to E16 in alcohol\u2010exposed (3\u2009g\/kg ethanol via oral gavage,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099) and control (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) CD\u20101 mice. PAT enabled quantitative measurements of cardiac morphology, oxygen saturation (sO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and heart rate. Alcohol\u2010exposed fetuses exhibited consistently lower sO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and greater heart rate variability, particularly at later gestational stages. While structural growth progressed in both groups, functional impairments became more pronounced with alcohol exposure. These findings suggest PAE alters fetal cardiovascular regulation despite normal anatomical development. This study highlights the utility of PAT as a high\u2010resolution, noninvasive tool for monitoring fetal cardiac health and supports its potential application in developmental biology and prenatal diagnostics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:03:27Z","timestamp":1754006607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Fetal Cardiac Development Using Photoacoustic Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7041-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Farhan","family":"Tanvir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huabei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida 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