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Variability in AD research arises from methodological differences, patient diversity, and evolving hypotheses. This study explores AD progression and complexity using synchronous and emission map fluorescence spectroscopy of retinas from rats administered aluminum chloride for 3, 6, 9, and 12\u2009weeks. Elevated retinal amyloid\u2010beta (A\u03b2\u201040 and A\u03b2\u201042) levels suggest similar pathological changes as in the brain. In synchronous spectra, excessive or insufficient levels of structural proteins can enhance retinal dysfunction or disease, while emission map spectra revealed enhanced photosensitivity due to increased porphyrins over time (AD\u20106 to AD\u201012\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T23:14:58Z","timestamp":1756336498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Fluorescence Features in Alzheimer's Disease: In\u00a0Vivo Study Using Synchronous Scan and Emission Mapping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-6011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif S.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics and Laser Science Unit Research Institute of Ophthalmology  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab A.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Collage of Science, Qassim University  Buraydah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0815-3063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman M.","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics and Laser Science Unit Research Institute of Ophthalmology  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","article-title":"Alzheimer's Disease: The Past, Present, and Future of a Globally Progressive Disease","volume":"16","author":"Vejandla B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0030400X16010057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"The Alterations of Tyrosine and Tryptophane Residues Along With the Evolution of Tumor: Determination by Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra","volume":"7","author":"Han M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific Research and Essays"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Amyloid\u2010Beta Is Found in Drusen From Some Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Retinas, but Not in Drusen From Normal Retinas","volume":"9","author":"Dentchev T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/63534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1089188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2009.2031162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"529","volume-title":"In Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy","author":"Protein Fluorescence","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63020737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(04)80054-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a2031155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909722116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Jhanji C. 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