{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:27:24Z","timestamp":1788348444517,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032774","name":"Remondi Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01CA280972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA280972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01EB034107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01EB034107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In colorectal cancer screening, accurate detection of precursor lesions is challenging due to their ambiguous surface appearance. Depth\u2010sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) with deep learning may improve accuracy. OCT imaging was performed on polyps from 300 subjects. Depth was encoded (surface, mid, deep) in color to generate en face OCT projections. En face projections were then annotated. The projections were then used to train an ensemble network based on the malignant potential of polyps. The area under the curve (AUC) for detecting malignant potential of all polyps was 0.90, and for diminutive polyps (\u2264\u20095\u2009mm), it was 0.88. These results demonstrate a high degree of accuracy in classifying malignant potential ex\u00a0vivo. Should these results hold in\u00a0vivo, this algorithm would meet the ASGE's PIVI criteria for NPV, supporting clinical use of OCT for either a lower colon \u2018diagnose and leave\u2019 strategy and\/or \u2018resect and discard\u2019 strategy for diminutive polyps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:30:47Z","timestamp":1768789847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility of Depth\u2010in\u2010Color En Face Optical Coherence Tomography for Colorectal Polyp Classification Using Ensemble Learning and Score\u2010Level Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Thrapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"D'Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Pitris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIOS Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Photiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIOS Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Lamphier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Villareyna\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinnerk","family":"Schulz\u2010Hildenbrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Caravaca\u2010Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u2010Ri","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman S.","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Tearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard\u2010MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0756-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(11)60455-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70222-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-016-9606-4"},{"issue":"109","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","article-title":"Endoscopic Characteristics of Colorectal Serrated Lesions","volume":"58","author":"Kashida H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepato Gastroenterology\u2010Current Medical and Surgical Trends"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050019"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"Optical Biopsy in Human Gastrointestinal Tissue Using Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"92","author":"Tearney G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology (Springer Nature)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Pit Pattern Analysis by Magnifying Chromoendoscopy for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps","volume":"102","author":"Liu H.\u2010H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-011-1246-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.001146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55338-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.3.000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","article-title":"Deep Learning Classification of Ex\u00a0Vivo Human Colon Tissues Using Spectroscopic OCT","author":"Kendall W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70450-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.11.4852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.003193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201078891\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202000276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39146-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","volume-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography","author":"Zeng Y.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413306"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Ex Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser\u2010Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Imaging of Murine Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"57","author":"Hariri L. P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.43.000113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.003049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.26605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.9.096015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-010-0450-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.005218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.002179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.000784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78891-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2652740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2612623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.002528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06419-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.004353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","first-page":"123670R\u2010123670R","volume-title":"Morphological Segmentation and Fractal Analysis for the Classification of Colon Polyps From En Face Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Images","author":"Costas P.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1529-5814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.05.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.000959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.23.001027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.22.001811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i47.17709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-020-00497-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.555185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202500292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbio.202500292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202500292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T23:57:50Z","timestamp":1769644670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.202500292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.202500292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202500292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500292"}}