{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:01:04Z","timestamp":1769684464194,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Down syndrome (DS) causes motor and cognitive impairments, including hypotonia that compromises orofacial functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the effects of LED photobiomodulation (PBM) on masticatory muscle stability and orofacial function in children and adolescents with DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five individuals with DS underwent three PBM sessions. Orofacial function was assessed using the NOT\u2010S protocol and electromyography measured masseter and temporalis muscle activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electromyography showed greater muscle stability, reduced variability in electrical signals, and more balanced chewing forces. The NOT\u2010S indicated improvements in nasal breathing and salivation control. However, discrepancies were observed between clinical findings and questionnaire responses, mainly in chewing function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBM with red LED may represent a promising complementary approach for supporting orofacial function and muscle stability in children and adolescents with DS. However, these preliminary observations require confirmation through future studies with larger, more homogeneous samples and long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T08:15:15Z","timestamp":1756887315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Photobiomodulation on Orofacial Function and Electromyography in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Monise Mendes","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Zaratin","family":"Beltramin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Politti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Agnelli","family":"Mesquita\u2010Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Gouveia","family":"Sp\u00ednola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda Rafaelly Hon\u00f3rio","family":"Mandetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristianne Porta Santos","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Taboada","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Programme in Health and Environment Universidade Metropolitana de Santos  Santos Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9055-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara Jansiski","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9853-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Kalil","family":"Bussadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Programme in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1557430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da Fonoaudiologia na S\u00edndrome de Down","author":"Amaral A. 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