{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:07:16Z","timestamp":1779268036042,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seasonal and sporadic viral infections put enormous burdens on global health and society. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other molecular approaches can be used to detect and identify viruses, they require substantial sample processing time and often have limited portability, limiting their utility in point\u2010of\u2010care settings. In the current study, we investigate the accuracy of direct sensing of two bacteriophages using chemically modified gold nanorods (AuNRs). We demonstrate that when using functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG), the surface of AuNRs can be modified with desired antibodies against a particular pathogen. Furthermore, PEG protects and passivates the surface of AuNRs against unspecific binding of biomolecules that can be present in the body fluids. We also showed that dynamic light scattering (DLS) was capable of detecting virus\u2010bound AuNRs, enabling confirmatory detection of viruses. These results indicate that antibody\u2010modified AuNRs can be used for the confirmatory detection of various viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:22:00Z","timestamp":1761697320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct Detection of Viruses Using Antibody\u2010Modified Gold Nanorods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0640-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axell","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Purvinsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&amp;M University College Station 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