{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:07:18Z","timestamp":1779268038188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62305190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62305190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MH156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MH156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate visible\u2013near\u2010infrared hyperspectral imaging (400\u20131000\u2009nm) combined with a lightweight deep\u2010learning network for differentiating low\u2010grade chondrosarcoma (LGC) from osteochondroma (OC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spectra were reflectance\u2010calibrated, Savitzky\u2013Golay smoothed, and cropped to 420\u2013850\u2009nm. Multi\u2010level features\u2014single\u2010band reflectance, key band ratios, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      components from biologically informative regions were extracted. We developed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ChondroSpecNet<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">1D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      coupling multi\u2010scale convolutions with a residual squeeze\u2010and\u2010excitation block for end\u2010to\u2010end classification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ChondroSpecNet<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      yielded\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.92 with 87% accuracy in training, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.83 with 86% accuracy on an independent test set. Contribution analysis identified visible\u2010band troughs\u2014especially 472, 467, and 501\u2009nm\u2014as most discriminative by absolute differences and normalized ratios.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperspectral microscopy plus a compact network enables accurate, efficient LGC\u2013OC discrimination, offering real\u2010time deployability with robust performance and practical scalability for cartilaginous\u2010tumor diagnosis in clinical workflows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T23:04:49Z","timestamp":1760310289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinguishing Low\u2010Grade Chondrosarcoma and Osteochondroma Using Visible\u2013Near Infrared Hyperspectral Spectral Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Jinan China"},{"name":"Weifang Hongjing School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengqiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6384-6016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiefeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours","author":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Classification of Chondrosarcoma: From Characteristic to Molecular Pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Kim J. H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.700204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880\u2010024\u201001330\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Primary Malignant Bone Tumor Detection and Prognosis","volume":"14","author":"Papageorgiou P. S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644\u2010024\u201000784\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.28.1.016004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201041991\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","article-title":"Enhanced Bone Cancer Diagnosis Through Deep Learning\u2010Based Feature Extraction From Hyperspectral Data","volume":"14","author":"Magdy O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.03.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17101617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1385524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85678-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202500440","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbio.202500440","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.202500440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T08:21:43Z","timestamp":1779265303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.202500440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.202500440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.202500440","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202500440"}}