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Current diagnostic methods mainly target pigmentation and lack real\u2010time assessment of histopathology. This study proposes a noninvasive, quantitative evaluation of basement membrane (BM) disruption in melasma using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with deep learning. Cross\u2010sectional skin images were generated by attenuation coefficient (AC) mapping of OCT B\u2010scans. An improved Unet (Res\u2010Att\u2010Unet), integrating residual and attention modules, was developed for BM segmentation. AC mapping enhanced image contrast, yielding superior BM segmentation over conventional OCT. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 81.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    1\u2010score of 83.8%, and IoU of 72.1%. BM loss in melasma (66.0%\u2009\u00b1\u200919.8%) was significantly higher than in perilesional skin (47.2%\u2009\u00b1\u200918.5%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Longitudinal monitoring revealed a significant BM recovery after tranexamic acid (TXA) treatment. These results indicate that our proposed method can be potentially used in clinic for in\u00a0vivo BM assessment, aiding in melasma diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202500491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T01:36:56Z","timestamp":1764207416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Basement Membrane Loss in Melasma Using Attenuation Coefficient Estimation Based on Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2317-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5339-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"Melasma: A Condition of Asian Skin","volume":"13","author":"Wu M. 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