{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:05:32Z","timestamp":1778562332355,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IPA\/2020\/000216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPA\/2020\/000216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rapid detection of infectious diseases like COVID\u201019, flu, and dengue is crucial for healthcare professionals preparing for contagious outbreaks. Given the constant mutations in viruses and the recurring emergence of threats like Nipah and Zika, there is an urgent demand for a technology capable of distinguishing between infections that share similar symptoms. In this paper, we utilize laser\u2010based Raman scattered signals from a drop of dried blood plasma, combined with generative artificial intelligence, to provide a rapid and precise diagnosis. Our optimized model exhibits exceptional performance, yielding high predictive scores of 96%, 98%, and 100% for flu, COVID\u201019, and dengue, respectively. The proposed Raman spectroscopic analysis, with a rapid turnaround time, can ensure a near\u2010accurate diagnosis and proper quarantining of highly infectious cases. Furthermore, the potential extension of our method to include other viral diseases offers an alternative to the challenge of developing different diagnostic kits for each disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T23:25:57Z","timestamp":1743722757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Instant Diagnosis Using Raman Spectroscopy and Generative Adversarial Networks: A Blood\u2010Based Study\u00a0on\u00a0Seasonal Flu,\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019, and Dengue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rekha","family":"Puthenkaleekkal Thankappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhanya","family":"Reghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipak","family":"Kumbhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Kotnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Raj Kumar","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarman","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8538-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva","family":"Umapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science  Bangalore Karnataka India"},{"name":"Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp8715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02501-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2020.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00461-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2021.114392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c02621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99027-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0623-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-023-01059-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03488-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95568-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA04491K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjti\/s40485-015-0018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative Adversarial Networks","volume":"3","author":"Goodfellow I. 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