{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:47:50Z","timestamp":1790351270844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Muscle spasticity, common in conditions such as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis, is traditionally assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale, which lacks consistency. This study evaluates near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a non\u2010invasive tool for measuring muscle contraction intensity. Thirty\u2010seven healthy adults performed isometric contractions at varying intensities (15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction), with NIRS sensors monitoring changes in the Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI) and electromyography (EMG) measuring muscle activity. Results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between contraction intensity and \u0394TOI, indicating that higher contraction levels resulted in greater reductions in muscle oxygenation. Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression model confirmed that TOI could reliably predict contraction intensity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This technique could provide real\u2010time, objective data for spasticity assessment, potentially improving treatment plans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T20:48:24Z","timestamp":1743799704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating the Intensity of Muscle Contraction by Near\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy, a Potential Application for Scaling Muscle Spasm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nourizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yekta","family":"Saremi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Parham","family":"Pirhadi Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Mortezanezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman Amani","family":"Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"B\u00e9gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Juricic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Mulpuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Shadgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; 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