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Our group has developed a time\u2010resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance (TRF\u2010DR) spectroscopy system to assess tumor boundaries where tissue composition is heterogeneous. This study assesses system feasibility for classifying tumor in heterogeneous regions using weighted logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 4818 measurements from 73 frozen patient ex\u00a0vivo samples were evaluated. Tissue measurement areas (1\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u20091\u2009mm) were pathologist\u2010assigned percentages of low (&lt;\u200925%), medium (25%\u2013&lt;\u200975%), and high (\u2265\u200975%) for tumor, fibroglandular, or adipose composition. The model trained with four principal components (PCs) achieved sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 68%, comparable to current clinical techniques while being fast, portable, and economical. The TRF\u2010DR system with weighted logistic regression demonstrates potential as an intraoperative margin assessment tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1770005441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time\u2010Resolved Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance (\n                    <scp>TRF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>DR<\/scp>\n                    ) Spectroscopy for Heterogeneous Breast Tissue Classification and Tumor Margin Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jigar","family":"Lad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario 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