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Here, we detect the CA15\u20103 breast\u2010cancer biomarker using free and randomly gold\u2010nanourchin (GNU)\u2013conjugated antibodies (mAb) within a serum droplet, integrated into a time\u2010resolved Opto\u2010EC immunoassay on an indium\u2010tin\u2010oxide (ITO) film. Biolayer formation on the ITO surface alters charge\u2010transfer dynamics and reduces surface\u2010potential differences. Time\u2010resolved FT\u2010NIR spectroscopy reveals peaks at 4083, 4555, and 5560\u20136000\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , associated with overtone and combination bands of O\uf8ffH, N\uf8ffH, and mixed N\uf8ffH\/C\uf8ffH vibrations. Stochastic FT\u2010NIR and SERS fluctuations reflect time\u2010dependent conformational changes, binding\u2010site accessibility, and vibrational\u2010mode variations. Correlation\u2010coefficient dynamics indicate shifts in the analyte's molecular environment, influencing PCA clustering. A time\u2010mapped Raman heatmap further tracks evolving peak positions and intensities, offering complementary insight into biomarker\u2013sensor interactions. The free and randomly conjugated antigen\u2013antibody system exhibits nonlinear stochastic behavior.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:49:24Z","timestamp":1775522964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stochastic Time\u2010Resolved Opto\u2010Electrochemical Analysis of\u00a0Free Nanourchin\u2010Conjugated Antibody Interactions With\u00a0Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Serum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad E.","family":"Khosroshahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiophotonics &amp; Biomedical Research Laboratory MIS Electronics Inc  Richmond Hill Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Non\u2010Destructive &amp; Non\u2010Invasive Diagnostic Technologies (IANDIT) University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Chabok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiophotonics &amp; Biomedical Research Laboratory MIS Electronics Inc  Richmond Hill Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Oyebolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobiophotonics &amp; Biomedical Research Laboratory MIS Electronics Inc  Richmond Hill Ontario 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