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FTIR analysis revealed distinct biochemical differences between urine from healthy controls and kidney cancer patients, with significant alterations observed in bands related to N\uf8ffH stretching, C\uf8ffH stretching, protein and urea\u2010associated vibrations, phosphates, and carbohydrate\u2010related regions. Principal component analysis showing group separation primarily along PC1 (33.9% variance), while uniform manifold approximation and projection provided enhanced nonlinear discrimination. Multiple models achieving high classification performance. With first\u2010derivative preprocessing, both random forest and support vector machines reached 100% accuracy (sensitivity: 100%, 95% CI: 92.7%\u2013100%; specificity: 100%, 95% CI: 91.2%\u2013100%; AUC: 1.000 (95% CI: 1.000\u20131.000)). With raw spectral data, random forest achieved 98.9% accuracy (sensitivity: 100%, 95% CI: 92.7%\u2013100%; specificity: 97.5%, 95% CI: 87.1%\u201399.6%; AUC: 1.000). Feature stability identified reproducible wavenumbers as cancer biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:07:48Z","timestamp":1776334068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urine\u2010Based\n                    <scp>FTIR<\/scp>\n                    Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Enable Non\u2010Invasive Kidney Cancer Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Mitura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Oncological Urology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Odrzywolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Szyszkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Gumbarewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iga","family":"Kuliniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Oncological Urology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Godzisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Oncological Urology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Jad\u0142o\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Oncological Urology Medical University of Lublin  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0168-1701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Depciuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer \u201cCancer Today \u201daccessed January 2026 https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/en\/dataviz\/bars?mode=population&cancers=29&key=total."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute \u201cCancer Statistics Review 1975\u20132017 \u201daccessed February 2026 https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/archive\/csr\/1975_2017\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"516","article-title":"Partial Nephrectomy and Positive Surgical Margin, Oncologic Outcomes and Predictors: A 15\u2010Year Single Institution Experience","volume":"74","author":"Radfar M. 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