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These select wavelength regions, known as the SWIR windows, occur between 1200 and 1350\u2009nm (second window), 1600 and 1870\u2009nm (third), and 2100 and 2350\u2009nm (fourth). The SWIR windows can penetrate deeply into tissue, revealing important information, such as collagen content. It is believed that osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is due to the loss of proteoglycans and degradation of collagen\u2014the main components of articular cartilage. In this paper, we review the SWIR windows for the detection and assessment of OA, an irreversible degenerative joint disease, based on changes in cartilage. With the use of longer SWIR wavelengths and artificial intelligence, the SWIR windows could open up new applications in the field of OA and bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:40:22Z","timestamp":1782877222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Review of the\n                    <scp>SWIR<\/scp>\n                    Windows to Study Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8195-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Sordillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics and Electrical Engineering Departments, Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers The City College of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Indoleamine Technologies  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8022-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter P.","family":"Sordillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics and Electrical Engineering Departments, Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers The City College of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Indoleamine Technologies  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.5.056004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Short\u2010Wavelength Infrared Windows for Biomedical Applications","author":"Sordillo L. 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