{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1785333534863,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Early\u2010 and large\u2010scale screening and diagnosis of a disease such as oral cancer is a boon for the underdeveloped population. Our present study focuses on clinical translation of a bimodal fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy\u2010based portable device with the potential for early and real\u2010time diagnosis of oral cancer. This smartphone\u2010based device collects fluorescence images and spectra from oral tissue sites within a few minutes and can assist clinicians in biopsy guidance with its advanced contrast\u2010enhancing algorithm between normal and abnormal tissue regions. A total of 184 patients and volunteers were tested and classified using an integrated multilayer perceptron (MLP) classification scheme, in which discriminative features were extracted from both spectral and imaging data. The combined multimodal algorithm achieved strong performance, with a macro\u2010average precision of 92.67%, sensitivity of 91.88%,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    1\u2010score of 91.93%, specificity of 95.89%, and overall accuracy of 94.59%.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:13:49Z","timestamp":1783476829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Clinical Translation of a Bimodal Fluorescence Tool for Oral Cancer Detection and Biopsy Guidance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8697-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Nemichand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur  Kanpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaswati Singha","family":"Deo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Lasers and Photonics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur  Kanpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivam","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory Florida International University  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology SCB Government Dental College and Hospital  Cuttack India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asima","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur  Kanpur India"},{"name":"Center for Lasers and Photonics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur  Kanpur India"},{"name":"Siksha \u2018O\u2019Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)  Bhubaneswar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-22-0114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211014795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_130_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5164970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.10.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.21.00337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-2-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4383303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Lab\u2010On\u2010a\u2010Chip\u2010Oral Cancer Diagnosis at Your Door Step","volume":"7","author":"Pandya D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/ac1f6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2992767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/22\/6\/065001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394241903.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8844.132565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Oral Cancer: Current and Future Diagnostic Techniques","volume":"21","author":"Scully C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Oral Cancer Detection: Novel Strategies and Clinical Impact","author":"Andreadis D. A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech11010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202300468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/15\/5\/055301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2165184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3004295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01513-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/20\/10\/104020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2020.1749651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-03995-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-023-03152-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.555254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201607604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Ensemble to Single Molecules","author":"Sauer M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","article-title":"Autofluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging: A Tool for Biomedical Research and Diagnosis","volume":"58","author":"Croce A. C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Histochemistry: EJH"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/abaaa3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/acf6ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11255","article-title":"Spectroscopic Detection and Evaluation of Morphologic and Biochemical Changes\u00a0in Early Human Oral Carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"M\u00fcller M. G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer: An Interdisciplinary, International Journal of the American Cancer Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3324771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-010-0662-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(96)04388-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2193157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991201)86:11<2201::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Porphyrin\u2010Like Fluorescence in Oral Cancer: In\u00a0Vivo Fluorescence Spectral Characterization of Lesions by Use of a Near\u2010Ultraviolet Excited Autofluorescence Diagnosis System and Separation of Fluorescent Extracts by Capillary Electrophoresis","volume":"86","author":"Inaguma M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer: An Interdisciplinary, International Journal of the American Cancer Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Biopsy and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions","volume":"74","author":"Poh C. F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Histology: The Gold Standard for Diagnosis?","volume":"64","author":"Tseng L.\u2010J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Ensemble Deep Learning Model With Empirical Wavelet Transform Feature for Oral Cancer Histopathological Image Classification","volume":"20","author":"Deo B. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Data Science and Analytics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13071353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15007-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666190119103255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"The Application of Vizilite in Oral Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Sambandham T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","article-title":"Bimodal Multispectral Imaging System With Cloud\u2010Based Machine Learning Algorithm for Real\u2010Time Screening and Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions and Biopsy Guidance","volume":"26","author":"Subhash N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Optics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.70321","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbio.70321","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.70321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:01:00Z","timestamp":1785330060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.70321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.70321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.70321","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70321"}}