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Despite these strengths, clinical translation of PAM is impeded by technical bottlenecks in scanning speed, optical\u2013acoustic coupling, and image reconstruction. This narrative review synthesizes recent engineering breakthroughs that are overcoming these limitations, including advanced scanning architectures, fiber laser sources, high\u2010sensitivity transducers (e.g., CMUTs and transparent ultrasonic detectors), and deep learning\u2013assisted reconstruction algorithms such as attention\u2010based U\u2010Nets and generative adversarial networks. We further highlight representative biomedical applications across dermatology, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, ophthalmology, and gastrointestinal endoscopy, illustrating PAM's versatile diagnostic potential. Finally, we discuss persistent challenges, such as miniaturization, depth penetration, and regulatory hurdles, and propose translational strategies to accelerate PAM's evolution from a laboratory research tool to a mainstream precision medicine imaging modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:51:31Z","timestamp":1792147891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoacoustic Microscopy: Technological Advances, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University  Jining China"},{"name":"Jining Medical University  Jining 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