{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:52:01Z","timestamp":1782877921697,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,8]],"date-time":"2002-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1010448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Mater. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to comparatively measure the bone\u2013pin interface strength in two types of hydroxyapatite\u2010coated pins that differed in shape, diameter, and implantation technique. Both pin types are commonly used for tibia fixation. Thirty bicylindrical 5\/4\u2010mm stainless\u2010steel pins (Group A) and 30 tapered 6\/5\u2010mm stainless\u2010steel pins (Group B) were implanted in the left tibiae of 10 adult sheep. A monolateral fixator was mounted on the pins after implantation. A 5\u2010mm\u2010long bone segment was removed from the tibial mid\u2010diaphysis to ensure high load at the bone\u2013pin interface. Pin insertion torque was 830 \u00b1 446 N\/mm in Group A and 3415 \u00b1 743 N\/mm in Group B (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001, one\u2010way ANOVA). Six weeks after surgery, the sheep were euthanized and pin extraction torque measured. Pin extraction torque was 1237 \u00b1 499 N\/mm in Group A and 3367 \u00b1 1512 N\/mm in Group B (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001, Mann\u2010Whitney test). Morphological analysis performed at 60\u00d7 magnification showed a direct bone\u2013pin contact in both groups. Despite challenging biomechanical conditions, this study showed both pin types to be well\u2010fixed and osteointegrated. Therefore, both pin types are recommended for tibial fixation. However, the tapered pins showed higher extraction torque, an important result for external fixation treatments. \u00a9 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 61\u201364, 2002<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,25]],"date-time":"2004-10-25T20:26:18Z","timestamp":1098735978000},"page":"61-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fixation strength of tapered versus bicylindrical hydroxyapatite\u2010coated external fixation pins: An animal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Moroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Faldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pegreffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Basic orthopaedic biomechanics","author":"Chao EYS","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00016","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of compression plates and external fixators on early bone healing","volume":"66","author":"Lewallen DG","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199801000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B3.7190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199605000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199804000-00011","article-title":"A comparison of hydroxyapatite\u2010coated, titanium\u2010coated, and uncoated tapered external\u2010fixation pins","volume":"80","author":"Moroni A","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199311000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","unstructured":"ChaoEYS WikenheiserMA PettineKA HuiskesR.Biomechanical and biological response of pin\u2013bone interface. 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