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Fracture behavior in two\u2010phase acrylic systems has also been reviewed. In the light of this, SEN specimens of heatcured denture\u2010base PMMA were saturated in a range of liquids and extended to failure at chewing speed. Crack initiation toughnesses and critical flaw sizes were thus determined. The effects of the chemical environment on the relationship between these two parameters showed that vegetable oil had increased the notch sensitivity of the resin, while 4% ethanol and soap solution increased the plasticization of the crack tip beyond that in water alone. Although the behavior at the crack tip was similar for all the other aqueous media, the craze resistance of the resin could be altered by the chemical nature of the liquid; this might explain in part the behavioral strengths of the un\u2010notched material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820150511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T12:31:45Z","timestamp":1104496305000},"page":"757-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of the environment on the crack initiation toughness of dental poly(methyl methacrylate)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"A. S.","family":"Hargreaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Physics of Glassy Polymers","author":"Andrews E. H.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","series-title":"Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ.","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Plane Strain Crack Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic Materials","author":"Brown W. F.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1967.0152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"E. H.AndrewsandL.Bevan \u201cFracture Mechanics Approach to Corrosion Stress Cracking in Plastics \u201d Physical Basis of Yield and Fracture Conference Proceedings 209\u2013213(1966)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(72)90101-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"A.van den Boogaart \u201cCrazing and Characterization of Brittle Fracture in Polymers \u201d Physical Basis of Yield and Fracture Conference Proceedings 167\u2013175(1966)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics","author":"Knott J. F.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"G. P.Marshall L. E.Culver andJ. G.Williams \u201cCrack and Craze Propagation in Polymers: a Fracture\u2010Mechanics Approach \u201dPlast. Polym. (Feb.)75\u201381(1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00756631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00823210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760151209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820080207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345740530030301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"B. E.Causton \u201cThe Physical and Chemical Properties of Some Polymeric Dental Materials \u201d Ph.D. thesis University of London 1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Fracture Mechanics of Dental Poly(methyl Methacrylate)","volume":"54","author":"Causton B. E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"G. D.Stafford B. E.Causton R.Huggett andR. W.Handley \u201cStudy of the Effect of Environment upon the Fracture Toughness of PMMA \u201dI.A.D.R. Abstr.(British Division) No. 53 (1978)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"G. D.Stafford \u201cClinical and Laboratory Studies on the Behaviour of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) as a Denture Base Material \u201d Ph.D. thesis University of Wales 1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820100512"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00755593"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820120304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00540823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820100108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"Tensile Testing on Denture Base Acrylic","volume":"2","author":"Hargreaves A. S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. 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