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The leaflet material showed nonlinear viscoelasticity, largely independent of strain rate, and dependent on the degree of preconditioning by cyclic loading. Preconditioning to a stable stress\u2010strain response could only be accomplished on 1\u2010cm\u2010long strips above a minimum width of 4 mm (circumferential) and 6 mm (radial). Preconditioning yielded a more elastic and extensible material with reduced hysteresis. The leaflets were markedly anisotropic. Circumferential strips were up to 8 times stronger and stiffer than radial strips, and displayed greater stress relaxation and less creep. The circumferential mechanical properties were due to well\u2010aligned circumferential collagen bundles reinforcing the composite structure, while radial properties were due to a more random collagenous support throughout the leaflet. Despite the presence of a septal shelf on the right coronary leaflet, no mechanical differences could be discerned between leaflets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820180108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,28]],"date-time":"2004-12-28T20:11:43Z","timestamp":1104264703000},"page":"61-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The glutaraldehyde\u2010stabilized porcine aortic valve xenograft. I. Tensile viscoelastic properties of the fresh leaflet material"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J. 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