{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:09:34Z","timestamp":1772838574907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]],"date-time":"2004-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5795,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Mater. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement and used <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> methods for studying its suitability for orthopaedic applications. The composite matrix consists of gelatin, water, and sodium salicylate. The particulate phase is made up of powdered and particulate (355\u2013600 \u03bcm diameter) tricalcium phosphate. Paraformaldehyde (0.1% to 0.5% by weight) is used as a matrix cross\u2010linking agent. The effects of incubation time, particulate volume fraction, density of the individual particles, water content, concentration of crosslinking agent, and freeze\u2010drying on the unconfined compressive strength and modulus of the particulate composite were measured. Compressive strengths of 7 MPa and moduli of 65 MPa could be achieved. Mechanical properties depended critically upon the water content of the particulate composite, with values of strength and modulus decreasing rapidly outside a range of 10\u201314% of specimen dry weight. High\u2010density tri\u2010calcium phosphate particulate produced cement with twice the strength found with porous particulate. In a companion study we document <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> performance of this particulate composite in an animal model system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820221110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,28]],"date-time":"2004-12-28T20:12:32Z","timestamp":1104264752000},"page":"1071-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> characterization and biomechanical optimization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tobin N.","family":"Gerhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Kleshinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Acrylic Cement in Orthopedic Surgery","author":"Charnley J.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197411000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Efficacy of HAP\/TCP crystals to enhance a gap fit in a biologically fixed canine TFM femoral component total hip arthroplasty","volume":"11","author":"Russotti G. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 32nd Meeting Orthopaedic Res. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Enhanced stabilization of orthopedic implants with spherical hydroxyl\u2010apatite particulate","volume":"11","author":"Liebrecht P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 32nd Meeting Orthopaedic Res. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Partially resorbable hydroxylapatite\u2010based cement for repair of bone defects","volume":"12","author":"Ricci J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 12th Annual Meeting Soc. Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Hydroxylapatite with a calcium sulfate vehicle for ridge maintenance in dogs","volume":"12","author":"Cranin A. N.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 12th Annual Meeting Society for Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198606000-00046","article-title":"Biodegradable bone repair materials","volume":"207","author":"Hollinger J. O.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Moldable bone graft material","volume":"12","author":"Conjeevaram S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 12th Annual Meeting Society for Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"The use of hydroxyapatite for bone graft donor site regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Magee F. P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. 12th Ann. Meeting of the Soc. Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.996549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"T. N.Gerhart A. A.Renshaw R. L.Miller R. J.Noecker andW. C.Hayes \u201cIn vivohistologic and biomechanical characterization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement \u201dJ. Biomed. Mater. Res. in press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor G. W.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0570301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ed055p206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198409000-00036","article-title":"A coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute","volume":"188","author":"Holmes R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm.820221110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.820221110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T01:47:45Z","timestamp":1695779265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.820221110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.820221110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.820221110","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9304","1097-4636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9304","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]}}}