{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T16:35:41Z","timestamp":1773160541856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]],"date-time":"2004-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3604,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Mater. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitivity to nickel, cobalt, and chromium is common among the general population. The identification of these sensitivities is generally by the detection of cell\u2010mediated immunity. Detection of humoral immunity to these metals has rarely been undertaken because suitable assays are not available. To further our knowledge about the systemic humoral immune system response to weak hapten\u2010systemic or allogeneic protein conjugates (corrosion and wear products of metallic orthopedic devices), a sensitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for testing for antibody (humoral immunity) to metals was developed. Microtiter plates were coated with human serum albumin (HSA) or glutathione (GSH) and then conjugated with metal ions. Plates coated with HSA or GSH and without metal ions served as background controls. An indirect ELISA method was used to detect antibody binding. Patients bearing cobalt\u2010chromium alloy devices were considered to be the most likely candidates as sources of antibody to metal and were used to document the usefulness of the test. Specificity of the test was documented by inhibition studies with these metal ions in the ELISA assay. The serum samples of 10 patients were screened for the presence of Cr\u2010, Co\u2010, or Ni\u2010specific antibody at various periods up to 5.5 years after implantation of F\u201075 cobalt alloy total joint replacements. All patients had implants that were functioning well. The pre\u2010 and postimplantation humoral immune profiles of patients were determined and compared with each preimplantation control and with a pooled normal serum sample. This study presents evidence that metalprotein complex\u2010specific antibodies can be detected. The clinical implications remain to be determined. \u00a9 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820281102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T19:34:00Z","timestamp":1117222440000},"page":"1249-1258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Detection of antibodies against corrosion products in patients after Co\uf8ffCr total joint replacements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(83)90003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5852.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Fundamental Aspects of Biocompatibility","author":"De Bruin A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820180905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Systemic Aspects of Biocompatibility","author":"Ward M. 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