{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:07:40Z","timestamp":1790438860495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,6]],"date-time":"2003-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde crosslinked porcine aortic valves often fail because of calcific degeneration. Calcification occurs in both cusp and aortic wall portions of bioprosthetic heart valves. The purpose of this study was to discern the role of different aortic wall components in the calcification process. Thus, we selectively extracted cells and other extracellular matrix proteins from porcine aorta using trypsin\/DNase\/RNase, cyanogen bromide (CNBr), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatments and subdermally implanted these pretreated aortas in young rats. Total DNA and phospholipid data showed complete removal of cells by CNBr and NaOH treatments, whereas trypsin\/DNase\/RNase treatment was effective in removing DNA but not phospholipids. As shown by amino acid data and Masson's trichrome staining, collagen was removed in CNBr and NaOH treatments. Control fresh porcine aorta calcified significantly after 21 days of implantation (Ca 26.4 \u00b1 2.4 \u03bcg\/mg). Removal of cells and collagen from the aorta by CNBr treatment did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in aortic calcification (Ca 20.8 \u00b1 3.0 \u03bcg\/mg). Moreover, partial degradation of elastin fibers caused by NaOH (during extraction) and trypsin treatment (after implantation) of the aorta significantly increased elastin\u2010oriented calcification (Ca 94.4 \u00b1 9.3 and 58.4 \u00b1 4.6 \u03bcg\/mg, respectively). Our results indicate that the elastin component of the aorta may undergo independent calcification irrespective of devitalized cell\u2010mediated calcification observed in glutaraldehyde crosslinked aortas. Our results also demonstrate the importance of studying elastin\u2010oriented calcification in decellularized elastin\u2010rich aortic matrices currently used in tissue\u2010engineering applications. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 93\u2013102, 2003<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,24]],"date-time":"2003-06-24T10:15:25Z","timestamp":1056449725000},"page":"93-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Role of elastin in pathologic calcification of xenograft heart valves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66A","author":[{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swadeep","family":"Pillarisetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naren R.","family":"Vyavahare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Ultrastructural substrates of dystrophic calcification in porcine bioprosthetic valve failure","volume":"119","author":"Valente M","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Glutaraldehyde and the calcification mechanism of bioprosthetic heart valves","volume":"3","author":"Levy RJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(94)70186-5","article-title":"Onset and progression of calcification in porcine aortic bioprosthetic valves implanted as orthotopic mitral valve replacements in juvenile sheep","volume":"108","author":"Schoen FJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19991215)47:4<439::AID-JBM1>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)01118-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820271203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"344","article-title":"Aortic valve replacement with stentless porcine bioprostheses","volume":"13","author":"David TE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19970315)34:4<411::AID-JBM2>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199810)42:1<30::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.suppl_3.III-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)98967-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01812-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.1999.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(75)90426-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091140404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60119a033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65197-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Onset and progression of experimental bioprosthetic heart valve calcification","volume":"52","author":"Schoen FJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"99","article-title":"Influence of species, environmental factors, and tissue cellularity on calcification of porcine aortic wall tissue","volume":"13","author":"Meuris B","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207809152623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148309055008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"The role of glutaraldehyde\u2010induced cross\u2010links in calcification of bovine pericardium used in cardiac valve bioprostheses","volume":"127","author":"Golomb G","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889401700204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","first-page":"II150","article-title":"Failure of cryopreserved homograft valved conduits in the pulmonary circulation","volume":"86","author":"Cleveland DC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70450-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","first-page":"487","article-title":"Calcification of allograft aortic wall in a rat subdermal model. 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