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In this study, we focused on the resorption pattern of the two cement formulations and the subsequent biologic reaction. Bone remodeling occurred synchronously with the resorption of the implant material in a creeping substitution process. Cracks and pores in the monophasic cement were filled with osseous tissues. The biphasic cement showed faster resorption of the matrix. The more slowly resorbing granules were surrounded by newly grown bone, thus providing an inverse scaffold for cancellous bone regeneration. In highly loaded areas, the long\u2010term support function of the fixation appears to be critical. Because cortical bridging of the defects was seen in only one case, it can be concluded that calcium\u2010phosphate cements are preferentially suitable as cancellous bone substitute materials. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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