{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:54:34Z","timestamp":1772708074092,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a\u2010C:H) has been shown to be a potential material in biomedical devices such as artificial heart valves, bone implants, and so on because of its chemical inertness, low coefficient of friction, high wear resistance, and good biocompatibility. However, the biomedical characteristics such as blood compatibility of doped hydrogen\u2010free diamond\u2010like carbon (DLC) have not been investigated in details. We recently began to investigate the potential use of nitrogen\u2010doped, hydrogen\u2010free DLC in artificial heart valves. In our experiments, a series of hydrogen\u2010free DLC films doped with nitrogen were synthesized by plasma immersion ion implantation\u2013deposition (PIII\u2010D) utilizing a pulsed vacuum arc plasma source and different N to Ar (F<jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\/F<jats:sub>Ar<\/jats:sub>) gas mixtures in the plasma chamber. The structures and properties of the film were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To assess the blood compatibility of the films and the impact on the blood compatibility by the presence of nitrogen, platelet adhesion tests were conducted. Our results indicate that the blood compatibility of both hydrogen\u2010free carbon films (a\u2010C) and amorphous carbon nitride films are better than that of low\u2010temperature isotropic pyrolytic carbon (LTIC). The experimental results are consistent with the relative theory of interfacial energy and surface tension including both dispersion and polar components. Our results also indicate that an optimal fraction of sp<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> bonding is desirable, but an excessively high nitrogen concentration degrades the properties to an extent that the biocompatibility can be worse than that of LTIC. (PACS codes: 81.05Uw, 87.68.+z,52.77.Dq,68.55.Nq.) \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 107\u2013114, 2004<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1084914068000},"page":"107-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Hemocompatibility of nitrogen\u2010doped, hydrogen\u2010free diamond\u2010like carbon prepared by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation\u2013deposition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70A","author":[{"given":"Sunny C.H.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuanyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(00)00659-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(00)00809-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(03)00018-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(02)00217-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(02)00089-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(03)00871-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6028(03)00487-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2003.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(03)00081-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.41.5730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(03)00290-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(02)00246-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(02)00314-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-796X(02)00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1340029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00389-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(99)00087-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"2107","article-title":"Influence of nitrogen ion energy on the Raman spectroscopy of carbon nitride films","volume":"10","author":"Cheng YH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diamond Relative Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(02)00370-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00091-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/35\/16\/313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(00)00345-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(99)00348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(98)00319-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/35\/16\/313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19990605)45:3<240::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(02)00246-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2002.supp.090"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.30070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.30070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1697131817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.30070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.30070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.30070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]]}}}