{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:04:28Z","timestamp":1781535868005,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new type of nitric oxide (NO)\u2010releasing material is described that utilizes <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosothiols anchored to tiny fumed silica (FS) particles as the NO donor system. The synthetic procedures suitable for tethering three different thiol species (cysteine, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylcysteine, and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylpenicillamine) to the surface of FS polymer filler particles are detailed. The thiol\u2010derivatized particles are converted to their corresponding <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosothiols by reaction with <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010butylnitrite. The total NO loading on the resulting particles range from 21\u2013138 nmol\/mg for the three different thiol\u2010derivatized materials [<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosocysteine\u2010(NO\u2010Cys)\u2010FS, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitroso\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylcysteine (SNAC)\u2010FS, and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitroso\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)\u2010FS], with SNAP\u2010FS yielding the highest NO loading. NO can be generated from these particles when suspended in solution via the addition of copper(II) ions, ascorbate, or irradiation with visible light. The SNAC\u2010FS and SNAP\u2010FS particles can be blended in polyurethane and silicone rubber matrixes to create films that release NO at controlled rates. Polyurethane films containing SNAC\u2010FS submerged in phosphate\u2010buffered saline (pH 7.4) generate NO surface fluxes \u223c0.1\u20130.7 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup> mol cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and SNAP\u2010FS films generate NO fluxes of \u223c0\u20137.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup> mol cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> upon addition of increasing amounts of copper ions. Silicone rubber films containing SNAC\u2010FS or SNAP\u2010FS do not liberate NO upon exposure to copper ions or ascorbate in phosphate\u2010buffered saline solution. However, such films are shown to release NO at rates proportional to increasing intensities of visible light impinging on the films. Such photoinitiated NO release from these composite materials offers the first NO\u2010releasing hydrophobic polymers with an external on\/off trigger to control NO generation. \u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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