{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T19:52:00Z","timestamp":1787082720685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,17]],"date-time":"2005-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1116288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiopaque polymeric microspheres have a potential as new bulking agents for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The advantage over existing bulking agents lies in their X\u2010ray visibility <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>; other polymeric bulking agents (e.g., PTFE or silicone rubbers) are practically radiolucent (i.e., incapable of absorbing X\u2010radiation). Radiopacity is useful in practice because of the high spatial accuracy of X\u2010ray imaging. For instance, X\u2010ray fluoroscopy can be used to assess possible migration of the bulking agent over time or to provide guidance in cases in which a second injection of a bulking agent is necessary (repeated treatment of SUI). Biocompatibility of injected radiopaque microspheres was investigated <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by using the mouse as a model. Microspheres were injected subcutaneously (9 animals) or intramuscularly (9 animals), and follow\u2010up was 8 days or 3 months. X\u2010ray fluoroscopy gave clear images of the miscrospheres as an ensemble, and it was found that no migration occurred during 3 months. Histopathology confirmed that all microspheres stayed close to the site of the injection. The microspheres appeared to be well tolerated; only a few giant cells, manifesting a mild inflammatory reaction, were encountered. At 3 months, cappillary blood vessels were observed throughout the microsphere beds, and macrophages and fibroblast cells were seen in between the microspheres. This is encouraging with respect to the intended application, although it must be acknowledged that the data refer merely to a mouse model. Further experiments with larger, more representative models (rabbit and goat) are in progress. \u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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