{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:49:46Z","timestamp":1758476986080},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1123459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteolysis, that is, progressive periprosthetic bone loss, is responsible for approximately 70% of aseptic loosening and implant failure. Usually, it is due to a granulomatous reaction wear\u2010induced, leading to macrophage and osteoclast\u2010mediated bone resorption. At present, there is no established prophylaxis or treatment for this process. For this purpose, as a preliminary investigation, we aimed to study the effects in two directions, inhibition of proinflammatory signals, and bone remodeling activity, of two newly synthesized anthraquinone molecules [<jats:italic>N,N<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2010Diethylamino\u20102,6\u2010anthraquinone\u2010disulfonamide (GR375) and <jats:italic>N,N<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2010(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethoxyphenyl)\u20102,6\u2010anthraquinone\u2010disulfon amide (GR377)]. Among the pro\u2010inflammatory signals, the ability of the two anthraquinones to interfere with the production of superoxide anion (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>), which was assumed as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was evaluated in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cell model by testing phagocytes, such as human neutrophils, challenged by the chemotactic agent <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010formylmethionyl\u2010leucyl\u2010phenylalanine (FMLP). Both compounds inhibited O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> production, in a dose\u2010dependent way, without exerting scavenger effects. An <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> model was applied to investigate their effect on bone remodeling. Fifty\u2010four female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of six animals each, and a 4\u2010week treatment was applied in two phases. A 25 mg\/kg\/os dose in the first phase and 12.5\u20136.25mg\/kg\/os doses in the second one were employed. The tibia trabecular bone at the secondary spongiosa level was analyzed, and trabecular bone volume (%TBV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and apatite lattice parameters were measured. At the highest doses of GR375 and GR377 the %TBV and the TbTh increased by 33.2, 34.6%, and 3.6 and 9.1%, respectively, whereas crystallographic parameters were not significantly different from the untreated group. Our results suggest a simultaneous antiinflammatory and antiosteoclastic activity of both drugs that encourages to perform further research. If it will be confirmed, they could be proposed in a variety of bone diseases, in particular, when acute inflammation is associated to osteolytic processes and, eventually, in the prevention and treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis. \u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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