{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1791234986115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,3]],"date-time":"2005-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biofilm\u2010forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>. This study compares three different techniques for the detection of biofilm\u2010positive strains. The presence of <jats:italic>icaA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>icaD<\/jats:italic> genes responsible for biofilm synthesis was investigated by a PCR method in a collection of 80 <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from orthopedic implant infections. The results from molecular analysis were compared with those obtained by two classic phenotypic methods, the Congo red agar (CRA) plate test and the microtiter plate test (MtP). Fifty\u2010seven percent of all the examined strains were found <jats:italic>icaA\/icaD<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive, of which only three were not positive for CRA test. Differently, by the MtP method, 66% of the strains were found to be biofilm\u2010producers but only a limited agreement with the PCR\u2010method was noticeable because of the observation of (<jats:italic>icaA\/icaD+<\/jats:italic>)\/MtP\u2212 strains (8%) and of a surprising ambiguous result of (<jats:italic>icaA\/icaD<\/jats:italic>\u2212)\/MtP+ strains (16%). The category of the weak biofilm\u2010producers provided the highest contribution to these mismatching results (10%). The better agreement between the CRA plate test with the molecular detection of <jats:italic>ica<\/jats:italic> genes indicates the former as a reliable test for the phenotypic characterization of virulence of clinical isolates. However, MtP method remains a precious tool for the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> screening of different biomaterials for the adhesive properties using a reference strain. \u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]],"date-time":"2005-11-16T14:51:18Z","timestamp":1132152678000},"page":"425-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Detection of biofilm formation in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i> from implant infections. Comparison of a PCR\u2010method that recognizes the presence of <i>ica<\/i> genes with two classic phenotypic methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76A","author":[{"given":"Carla Renata","family":"Arciola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Campoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Baldassarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter","family":"Pirini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Gamberini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Infection Associated with Indwelling Medical Devices","author":"Foster TJ","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199823)43:3<338::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-224-4:307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-224-4:331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.22.6.996-1006.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.8.872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.4.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.29.18586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2.5.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00483-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-224-4:213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00171-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2151-2156.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019606-200106000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.4.1522-1526.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.5.2048-2057.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.8.2624-2633.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.3.890-896.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1973-1976.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","article-title":"A Multiplex PCR method for the detection of all five individual genes of ica locus in Staphylococcus epidermidis. 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