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This study examined the long\u2010term effects of particles from two commonly implanted materials, titanium (Ti) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), on cell viability and metabolism over a 21\u2010day time course, using the human osteoblast\u2010like cell line MG\u201063. Addition of particles was not associated with increased cell death or nitric oxide production at the particle concentration chosen. Collagen production was increased with exposure to titanium particles, whereas alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression remained unchanged following exposure to both types of particles. The data show that titanium but not PMMA particles shifts bone cell metabolism to preferentially produce fibrous tissue rather than bone. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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