{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:41:50Z","timestamp":1790854910251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, NGF, BNDF from the neurotrophin family and IGF\u20101 were covalently immobilized on gelatin\u2013tricalcium phosphate (GTG) membrane using carbodiimide. We investigated the effects of these growth factors released from the GTG composites on cultured PC12 cells and sciatic nerve regeneration across a 10\u2010mm\u2010long gap in rats. In PC12 cell culture, the total protein content and MTT assay indicated more cell attachment on the composites modified with growth factors. The IGF\u20101 group showed a higher survival promotion effect on PC12 cells than did BDNF and NGF groups. On the other hand, NGF released from the composite showed the highest level of neuritogenesis for PC12 cells in neurite outgrowth assay. In the animal study, the GTG conduits modified with various growth factors were well tolerated by the host tissue. In the regenerated nerves, the number of the axons per unit area of the BDNF group was significantly higher than that of NGF and GTG groups but similar to that of IGF\u20101 group. However, the average axon size was the largest in NGF group. This result was in concordance with the neurite outgrowth assay in which NGF showed the highest neuritogenic potential. In the assessment of motor and sensory recovery after nerve repair, conduits modified with various neurotrophic factors showed a more favorable outcome in compound muscle action potential. The BDNF group had a better gastrocnemic muscle weight ratio than blank GTG repair. Nevertheless, the different effects of GTG conduits modified with various neurotrophic factors on functional recovery cannot be simply illustrated in the sciatic function index. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,3]],"date-time":"2006-08-03T00:32:09Z","timestamp":1154565129000},"page":"846-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gelatin\u2013tricalcium phosphate membranes immobilized with NGF, BDNF, or IGF\u20101 for peripheral nerve repair: An <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i> 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