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To evaluate the effect of pores, the rat sciatic nerve was either autografted or grafted with nonporous, macroporous (10\u2013230 \u03bcm), and microporous (1\u201310 \u03bcm) biodegradable \u03b5\u2010caprolactone grafts. Twelve weeks later, the grafted nerves were resected, and the electrophysiological properties were determined <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Subsequently midgraft\u2010level sections were inspected, and peroneal nerve sections were evaluated morphometrically. Finally, the gastrocnemic and tibial muscle morphometrical properties were quantified. The microporous nerve graft performed much better than the nonporous and macroporous grafts with respect to most parameters: it was bridged by a free floating bundle that contained myelinated nerve fibers, there were more nerve fibers present distal to the graft, the electrophysiological response rate was higher, and the decrease in muscle cross\u2010sectional area was markedly smaller. Hence, the present study demonstrates the beneficial effect of synthetic nerve guide pores on nerve regeneration, although with the caveat that not pores <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>, but only small (1\u201310 \u03bcm) pores were effective. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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